• Determines how much light the lamp emits, or how brightly it shines.
• The more lumens, the more light it emits.

• Describes the colour rendering of an object in incandescent light compared to the same colours in daylight.
• The closer the index is to 100, the more accurate the colours in the light bulb are.
• The colour rendering index of quality lighting is at least 80 Ra.

• Determines how much electricity the lamp consumes.

• Determines how efficient the luminaire is, including optical losses. Measured in lumens per watt or lm/W. The higher the value, the more efficient the luminaire. The efficiency of a high-quality luminaire starts from 130 lm/W.
• It is essential to ensure that the luminaire documentation states the efficiency of the full configuration, i.e. the overall efficiency of the LED luminaire and not just the efficiency of the LEDs or LED modules.
• The consumer can request additional documentation with a test report made according to EN 13032:1 and/or LM-79-08 standard.

• Describes the colour of the light emitted by the luminaire. It is measured in degrees Kelvin, or K. For LED lamps, the CorrelatedColour Temperature (CCT) is calculated, not measured as for incandescent lamps.
• The higher the colour temperature of the light, the more bluish the emitted light is. It is recommended to choose luminaires with white light or at least 4000 K for work spaces, while luminaires with warm white light or around 3000 K are suitable for rest rooms.

• In accordance with the CIE 1964 standard, it is measured with MacAdam ellipses, evaluating colour fastness on a scale from 0 to 10.
• Between 1 and 3, it is practically impossible to see the difference with the naked eye, but as the value increases, there can be a visible and negative effect on illuminated surfaces and objects. As the SDCM value increases, the colour temperature difference of the light also increases. Therefore, the maximum permissible SDCM has been determined for public places, for example, in museums and art galleries it must not exceed SDCM2, while in schools, offices, hospitals – no more than SDCM3.

• Determines the decrease in the luminous flux and efficiency of the LED after X hours of operation.
• L indicates, as a percentage, how much luminous flux the luminaire will emit after the working time specified by the manufacturer. The values L70, L80, L90 are more common.
• B indicates the number of diodes as a percentage, which will burn out after the end of the working time specified by the manufacturer or will emit a smaller amount of light than is mentioned at the L value. The values B10 and B50 are more common.
• If a value of C is specified, it describes the percentage of the number of diodes that will completely stop working after the specified service life. In most cases, the value of C does not exceed 10% or C10. It is much lower (~1%) for standard LED modules.
• For example, if the lamp's stated lifetime is L80B10 100,000 h, this means that after 100,000 hours of operation, 90% of the diodes will continue to emit at least 80% of the nominal light flux, while 10% of the diodes will emit a lower amount of light. If L70C5 50,000 h is indicated, it means that after 50,000 working hours, the luminaire will emit at least 70% of the nominal light flux, while 5% of the diodes will completely stop emitting light.
• If manufacturers list only the L factor without specifying a B or C value, this may indicate a higher percentage of defective cases.

• Determines the potential glare of the luminaire in a specific location (Unified Glare Rating).
• If an LED luminaire with an excessively high luminous flux (lm) is selected, the light emitted by it, being in the field of vision of a person, may cause visual impairment, for example, by being reflected from a computer monitor.
• The recommended maximum UGR value for office lights is 19.
• It is possible to determine a completely accurate glare coefficient only for a physical room with a specific arrangement of luminaires and the location of the observer. However, manufacturers are obliged to perform an analysis of the intensity, reflectivity and geometry of the light emitted by the LED luminaire, so the UGR value must be indicated in the technical documentation.

Installation of switches in zones: when installing luminaires, several zones (circuits) can be provided and separate switches can be installed for each zone (circuit).

Switch-lighting regulator: a switch with the ability to set different lighting levels, i.e. it is possible to change the light intensity.

Motion sensors: detect movement or heat (infrared) when a person is in the room and turn on the lighting.

• If no movement is detected after a certain (set) period of time, the lighting is turned off. They can be fixed to the wall or ceiling.
• Wall-mounted motion sensors are suitable for relatively small spaces, such as an individual office, classroom, toilet.
• Ceiling-mounted motion sensors are suitable for larger conference rooms, open-plan offices, warehouses.
• There are also LED lights that already have built-in sensors.

Light level sensors: turn on the light at a certain ambient light level. The level at which the light is switched on is adjustable.

Time relays or timers: it is possible to set the time after which the lighting is turned off.

• Suitable for corridors, stairwells, etc. – places where lighting is only needed for a certain time.

Adjusting the lighting system by time of day with the controller: creates a lighting schedule, setting the time when the lighting is turned on and/or off.

• Suitable for rooms and places where a constant level of illumination is required for a certain period of time. 

Lighting adjustment depending on the level of natural light: detects the level of natural light in the room with the help of a sensor and adjusts the level of artificial light, ensuring constant lighting.

Wireless/remote lighting control: turns lights on and off, adjusts light level and light colour with wireless switches or mobile app.

• Luminaires are equipped with controllers that receive the transmitted signal and command the luminaire to perform the requested action.